Kinematic response of floating single piles in saturated and nearly-saturated soil to P-waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents closed-form expressions for the analysis of floating single piles subjected to vertically propagating harmonic P-waves. The foundation soil is treated as poroelastic medium, and can be either fully-saturated or nearly-saturated. We show that the existence of non-continuous air phase in the form of air bubbles dissolved in the pore water will have noteworthy effect on the vertical kinematic response of piles. Through parametric analyses, we demonstrate that hydromechanical analysis techniques that consider soil as fully saturated may significantly over-estimate pile head displacements for frequencies relevant to seismic P-waves. In addition, we quantify differences in the response between end-bearing and floating piles, and show that these differences are more prominent when soil is not fully saturated. Although the proposed expressions have been derived while considering elastic soil and pile response, findings relevant to the effect of the degree of soil saturation to the vertical kinematic response of piles are generally applicable to any coupled stress-flow analysis method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".