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Record W4400465710 · doi:10.4324/9781003495345-13

The Co-operative International

2024· book-chapter· en· W4400465710 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Jack Bailey

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicCooperative Studies and Economics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBusiness

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

No study of Co-operation in Britain would be complete without an examination of the international aspects of Co-operation and their impact upon the British Movement. The C.W.S. and the S.C.W.S. are considerable importers of foodstuffs and, to a much smaller extent, export their own products. They have their own foreign depots and agencies through which much of their business is conducted. Periodically they appoint trading missions to bulk purchase their overseas requirements. In the course of their visits they often meet representatives of the Co-operative Marketing Organizations of other countries. For the most part, however, they purchase in the open market. The Co-operative Wholesale Society played a conspicuous part in encouraging co-operative marketing in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The English and Scottish C.W.S. own tea plantations in India and Ceylon, while the Co-operative Insurance Society undertakes re-insurance for some overseas co-operative insurance undertakings. Whilst most of this business is commercially sound and has been undertaken for this reason, it also satisfies the international aspirations of the Movement. That is not all. In the development of the British Colonies Co-operation has a special part to play in improving the economic and social conditions of the native peoples and leading them towards self-government.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.708
Threshold uncertainty score0.995

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.012

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.246
Teacher spread0.224 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same topicCooperative Studies and EconomicsFrench-language works237,207