Population Attributable Risk of Wheeze in 2–<6-Year-old Children, Following a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in The First 2 Years of Life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence regarding the proportion of wheeze in young children attributable to respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections (RSV-LRTI) occurring early in life. This cohort study prospectively determined the population attributable risk (PAR) and risk percent (PAR%) of wheeze in 2-<6-year-old children previously surveilled in a primary study for RSV-LRTI from birth to their second birthday (RSV-LRTI<2Y). METHODS: From 2013 to 2021, 2-year-old children from 8 countries were enrolled in this extension study (NCT01995175) and were followed through quarterly surveillance contacts until their sixth birthday for the occurrence of parent-reported wheeze, medically-attended wheeze or recurrent wheeze episodes (≥4 episodes/year). PAR% was calculated as PAR divided by the cumulative incidence of wheeze in all participants. RESULTS: Of 1395 children included in the analyses, 126 had documented RSV-LRTI<2Y. Cumulative incidences were higher for reported (38.1% vs. 13.6%), medically-attended (30.2% vs. 11.8%) and recurrent wheeze outcomes (4.0% vs. 0.6%) in participants with RSV-LRTI<2Y than those without RSV-LRTI<2Y. The PARs for all episodes of reported, medically-attended and recurrent wheeze were 22.2, 16.6 and 3.1 per 1000 children, corresponding to PAR% of 14.1%, 12.3% and 35.9%. In univariate analyses, all 3 wheeze outcomes were strongly associated with RSV-LRTI<2Y (all global P < 0.01). Multivariable modeling for medically-attended wheeze showed a strong association with RSV-LRTI after adjustment for covariates (global P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial amount of wheeze from the second to sixth birthday is potentially attributable to RSV-LRTI<2Y. Prevention of RSV-LRTI<2Y could potentially reduce wheezing episodes in 2-<6-year-old children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".