Racism in Ontario Midwifery: Indigenous, Black and Racialized Midwives and Midwifery Students Unsilenced
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article reports on findings from a 2019 online survey titled Experiences of Racism Among Ontario BIPOC Midwives and Students in Midwifery Education and Profession, completed by Ontario midwives and midwifery students who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Colour (BIPOC). The survey explored their experiences of racism in both midwifery education and profession. In total, 40 participants consented to participate in the survey, of which 36 completed some or all of the survey; 56% identified as midwives in varying stages of their career, and 45% as students. Of these participants, 86% reported experiencing racism in their work as a midwife, and 87% reported witnessing another midwife or midwifery student being a target of racism. In addition, 61% of participants reported not feeling supported by their practice group when confronted with racism. Over 85% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that racism or fear of racism impacts how they communicate or express themselves, their mental health, and their comfort in working in any community where work is available. To achieve racial equity in the profession, participants recommended raising awareness about racism in the profession, increasing diversity in midwifery, and holding accountable people who commit racist acts and perpetuate racist systems. This article has been peer reviewed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".