A Disposable Planar Microwave Sensor for Assessing Antibacterial Properties of Lubricant-Infused Surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pathogen transfer on medical devices and high- touch surfaces in medical facilities poses a great challenge to healthcare systems. Lubricant-infused (LI) coatings have shown promising results in preventing bacteria adhesion. This work aims to use microwave sensors to assess the bacterial repellency properties of untreated and lubricant-infused polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes by detecting Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhesion. This work introduces a sensing platform consisting of a transmission-line reader and a split-ring resonator as a disposable sensing tag. Increasing bacteria adhesion results in a down-shift of the resonant frequency due to changes in permittivity. For the untreated membranes, the proposed sensor detected a frequency shift of 8.5 MHz when bacteria adhered to the surface. The LI-coated membranes significantly reduced the bacteria adhesion, as demonstrated by a smaller frequency shift of 1.6 MHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".