Condition Monitoring System: A Flexible Hybrid Electronics Approach for Sealed Container Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A comparative study is presented between two advanced flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) monitoring systems designed for accurately measuring temperature within storage containers across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, automotive, and defense. Flexible hybrid electronics involve the combination of novel printing processes and traditional electronic manufacturing processes, resulting in flexible devices with improved performance. The first system, a copper-flex system (CFS), employs an 88.9 μm polyimide substrate with 35 μm thick copper traces, coated with a 12.5 μm polyimide solder mask. The second system, a printed-flex system (PFS), utilizes a 127 μm polyimide substrate and screenprinted conductive silver ink. Both FHE systems use a 32-pin very thin quad flat no-lead (VQFN) package attached on a thin polyimide flexible substrate with high-temperature resistance and high-tensile strength. In both CFS and PFS, the VQFN is attached using Sn96.5/Ag3.0/Cu0.5 and Sn42/Bi57.6/Ag0.4 solders, respectively, from Chip Quik® (Ancaster, Ontario, Canada). After assembly, reliability and durability tests were conducted to validate the performance of the temperature sensor and the interconnections of the CFS and PFS prototypes. Further, environmental and mechanical characterizations including, moisture and insulation resistance, corrosion, elongation, bending, terminal bond strength, and peel tests were performed based on IPC-TM-650 and ASTM standards. Moisture and insulation resistance test on the PFS test coupons without a coating layer indicated stable resistance of approximately 18 MΩ, while permanent color change indicated oxidation of copper on uncoated CFS test coupons. After 72 hours of corrosion test, both the CFS and PFS “meander line” test coupons covered with polyimide showed negligible weight and resistance change of approximately 0.35%, and 0%, respectively. A Young's modulus of 7.17 GPa and 2.6 GPa was calculated from the elongation test for the CFS and PFS, respectively. Bending tests on PFS revealed negligible average resistance change (0.1%) during 180° bending cycles, while no impact was recorded on the CFS system. During the terminal bond strength test, soldered wires detached from the CFS test coupons at an average force of 43 N, while it was 3.8 N on the PFS test coupons. Both systems with polyimide coating layer demonstrate robustness and reliability for diverse applications in various industries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".