Comparison of black soldier fly, cricket, and superworm on growth performance, nutrient utilization and fatty acid profiles of rainbow trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Inclusion of fishmeal and fish oil in feeds for farmed fish is not sustainable and alternatives need to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diets including defatted black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens ), adult cricket ( Gryllodes sigillatus ) and superworm ( Zophobas morio ) on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, nutrient retention, and fatty acid profiles of juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Triplicate tanks of fish (100.5 ± 0.6 g; mean ± SD) were fed one of four diets, a control diet with 20% fishmeal, and three experimental diets containing either 15% defatted black soldier fly meal, 15% full-fat adult cricket meal or 15% full-fat superworm meal, where each insect meal partially replaced fishmeal and fish oil. After 84 days of feeding, no significant differences were observed between diets for growth performance indicators or body indices. Fish fed the control and superworm diets had a higher protein content and retention in whole-body carcass compared to the cricket and black soldier fly diet groups. No significant effects between diets were found on whole-body carcass regarding fatty acid classes SFA, MUFA, PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6, although lauric acid and myristic acid were significantly higher in fish fed black soldier fly diet and linoleic acid was higher in fish fed superworm and cricket diets. Retention of fatty acids was higher for most classes in fish fed the black soldier fly diet, yet whole carcass lipid content did not differ significantly between diets. Additionally, apparent digestibility of phosphorous was significantly improved for all insect diets compared to the control. These results indicate that insect meals can partially replace fishmeal and fish oil in diets for rainbow trout without compromising growth performance and fatty acid composition, while improving phosphorous utilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".