Cardiac growth patterns and metabolism before and after birth in swine: Role of miR in proliferation, hypertrophy and metabolism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is unable to undergo cardiac repair, limiting potential treatment options after cardiac damage. However, the fetal heart is capable of cardiac repair. In preparation for birth, cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo major maturational changes that include exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, and mitochondrial maturation. The timing and regulation of such events in large mammals is not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to assess this critical CM transition period using pigs as a preclinically relevant model. Left ventricular myocardium from Large White cross Landrace gilts was collected at 91, 98, 106 and 111–113 days gestation (d GA; term = 115d GA) and in piglets at 0–1, 4–5, 14–18, 19–20 days after birth. We found that miR-133a, which has known roles in CM proliferation, was significantly downregulated before birth, before rising postnatally. Likewise, gene expression of PCNA and CDK1 was repressed until birth with a rise postnatally, suggesting a decline in proliferation during late gestation followed by the onset of multinucleation in postnatal life. The timing of the switch in myocardial metabolism was unclear; however, complexes within the electron transport chain and mitochondrial biogenesis followed a similar pattern of decreasing abundance during late gestation and then a rise postnatally. These data suggest that CM maturation events such as cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial maturation occur around birth. These results may prove important to consider for preclinical applications such as the development of new therapeutics for cardiac repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".