[2 + 2] Photocycloadditions to Form Cyclobutanes and Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes Employing Copper-Based Photocatalysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A first-row transition metal complex, Cu( dmp )( DPEPhos )BF 4, promotes the synthesis of boracyclobutanes (11 examples, 38 → 87%) and 2-oxa-BCHs (10 examples, 55 → 90%) via photocatalytic [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Computational analysis predicted the structures of the major and minor isomers of both processes. The catalyst structure was determined through screening of a variety of diimine and bisphosphine combinations that enabled optimization of a range of triplet energy levels, excited-state lifetimes, and photostabilities. The use of the Cu( dmp )( DPEPhos )BF 4 complex offers a mild alternative to reaction conditions employing UV light or iridium-based photocatalysts previously reported and validates the potential for copper-based photocatalysis for the preparation of skeletons for drug development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".