Ultrasonic phased-array inspection of HVOF-coated internal diameters of cylindrical components
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-velocity oxygen Fuel (HVOF) is a coating process that produces a dense, tightly bonded layer that significantly enhances wear resistance on the coated component. Our partner, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), develops innovative HVOF coating methods for cylindrical parts' internal surfaces used in critical applications such as landing gear components. However, to be adopted by the aerospace industry, it is necessary to demonstrate that these HVOF-coated parts can be reliably inspected using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. Although inspections using conventional ultrasonic of HVOF-coated parts are already well established, phased array ultrasonics (PAUT) have the potential to increase inspection productivity, defect detectability and traceability. Therefore, this study focused on the evaluation of PAUT methods performance for assessing internally coated cylindrical components in terms of defect type, size and orientation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".