Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of usnic acid monoesterification derivatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new series of usnic acid (UA) monoesterified derivatives 2-15 were designed and synthesised using UA (1) as starting material. The structural characterisation of all compounds was elucidated using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. In vitro studies demonstrated thatmost UA derivatives exhibited higher inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, compound 7 displayed the highest inhibitory activity against C. albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 μg/mL. Compounds 5, 8, 9, 11and 13 demonstrated superior inhibition of S. aureus (MIC, 16 μg/mL) and biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. With the exception of 11, compounds 5, 8, 9 and 13 were all more effective than UA in inhibiting S. aureus biofilms. This research highlights the potential of UA monoesterified derivatives for the development of dual antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".