Bleeding simulation with physical viscoelasticity in smooth particle hydrodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Being composed of blood cells and plasma, the blood flow has different rheological properties from common fluids. The viscoelastic properties of blood not only affect the flow characteristics of blood but also influence the shape of bleeding. In order to achieve the bleeding simulation with physical viscoelastic, we consider the effect of the aggregation behavior of red blood cells on the bleeding process. The elastic force caused by viscoelastic fluid elasticity is incorporated into the standard Navier–Stokes momentum equation, and an improved momentum equation that characterizes the rheological characteristics of viscoelastic blood is constructed. The effect of introducing elastic force on the particles motion is analyzed from the microscopic particle perspective by designing a two-dimensional particle system. The results of bleeding simulation show that the improved method eliminates the discontinuous boundary due to blood gushing out of the wound and forms irregular bleeding shapes in the bleeding process. In addition, the viscoelastic bleeding simulation exhibits a similar bleeding effect without distortion when the number of particles decreases, which further proves the reliability of proposed method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".