Wake Stone Quarry Expansion: An acoustical and legal saga win
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Wake Stone Quarry in Cary, North Carolina, has been in operation for over 50 years excavating aggregate rock and gravel for roadways and concrete mixtures. Their initial open mining pit was nearly exhausted, so they sought permission from the State to begin a second pit on their existing property. Unfortunately, opposition came from the heavily politically connected non-profit Umstead State Park that abuts the quarry's property. To Wake Stone's dismay, their application was arbitrarily and capriciously denied. What should have been a simple and straight-forward permit application turned into four years of intense acoustical and environmental studies eventually ending up in court. The main point of contention was noise potentially impacting the adjacent park, which was complicated all the more by the applicable state law being worded only qualitatively as "the applicant will not have a significantly adverse effect on the purposes of a publicly owned park, forest or recreation area". The stakes were very high; estimated at a future value of $500 million for Wake Stone. With WSP's assistance, including providing acoustical expert witness testimony in a lengthy two-week trial, Wake Stone eventually won their lawsuit and overturned the State's permit denial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.028 | 0.024 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".