International Experience in Regulating Regional Development Convergence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article analyzes the international experience of convergence of regional development. The features of the European development of regional policy are defined. The main stages of formation of regional policy of some European countries have been allocated. It is substantiated that the change of the conception of the Europe of nations into the conception of the Europe of regions has led to the formation of a single market, in which the regions are considered as independent players due to increasing their competitiveness. The main tasks of regional development support funds in European countries have been formed. It is determined that on the basis of support and implementation of socioeconomic reforms, introduction of innovative technologies, an increase in the competitiveness of regions and an increase in the level of employment of the population has been achieved. In developed countries, programs are being developed to improve energy infrastructure, which include the development of alternative energy, the introduction of energy-saving technologies, and the creation of new energy communications. It is determined that in regional development an important role is played by stimulation of medium and small businesses, which is implemented on the basis of support of such initiatives by providing them with simplified access to capital, activation of enterprises engaged in tourism activities. It is determined that, despite the different levels of regional development, the main vector is the creation of prerequisites for the balanced development of all territories through minimizing the impact of negative environmental factors. The main instruments for ensuring the convergence of regional development have been allocated. The policy of France in the direction of stimulating the convergence of regions, which consists in the State-controlled system of contracts for planning regional development, is substantiated. The regional development policy of the Netherlands and Austria is more focused on the development of instruments of influence. The peculiarity of the Danish system of regional development is the refusal to stimulate and support certain problem regions and the application of a market approach, which is aimed at creating the necessary conditions for their independent development. The features of the policy of regional convergence of the USA, China, Canada and Australia have been studied, which allowed to allocate the features of their policy of stimulating the development of territories. The main aspects of the formation of regional development policy in Ukraine are also examined and the priority tasks in this aspect are allocated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.020 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".