Compact Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-Lysine) and Anionic Polysaccharides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Compact polyelectrolyte complexes (CoPECs) can exhibit mechanical properties similar to those of biological tissues and other interesting properties, such as self-healing. To date, a variety of CoPECs prepared from synthetic polyelectrolytes have been investigated, but there are very few examples based entirely on biopolymers. We describe here an investigation of CoPECs based on poly(l-lysine) (PLL) with sodium hyaluronate (HA) and alginate (Alg). A 2:1 ratio of cation:anion and 0.25 M NaBr was beneficial for the formation of viscoelastic PLL-HA CoPECs, with the favorable ratio attributed to the spacing of carboxylates on HA being one every two saccharide units. In contrast, 1.0 M NaBr and a 1:1 ratio were better for PLL-Alg CoPECs. Both CoPECs swelled or retained a constant volume when immersed in hypertonic media, but contracted in hypotonic media. The loading of molecules into the PLL-HA (2:1) CoPECs was investigated. Higher loadings were achieved for anionic molecules compared to cations, presumably due to the excess cationic binding sites on the networks. The times required for full release of the molecules ranged from less than 2 h for neutral paracetamol to about 48 h for crystal violet and diclofenac.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".