Time domain astronomy with the next-generation Gemini-North adaptive optics facility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab is currently developing GNAO, the next-generation adaptive optics (AO) facility for the 8-m Gemini-North telescope. GNAO’s primary science instrument will be the future Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph (GIRMOS) which will use the AO-compensated beam from GNAO to offer (i) wide-field near-infrared imaging with near diffraction-limited performance over fields of approximately 20 arcsec× 20 arcsec, (ii) seeing-enhanced imaging over fields of up to 85 arcsec×85 arcsec, and (iii) spatially-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy through up to four deployable integral field units. Time domain applications have played a major role in defining GNAO’s capabilities. As a queue-operated, 4-laser-guide-star adaptive optics system, GNAO will be a premier facility for following up gamma-ray bursts and transient multimessenger events at high angular resolution. This paper describes the operational requirements and concepts facilitating rapid-response observations with GNAO. We also present a preview of the anticipated sensitivity and astrometric performance when using GNAO together with the GIRMOS imaging mode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".