The effect of flat and undulating terrain on the post-feeding dispersal distance from carcasses of blow fly larvae (Calliphoridae: <i>Lucilia illustris</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One method of estimating the post mortem interval (PMI) is to use the oldest stage of immature blow flies on or surrounding a corpse to determine the minimum PMI. When finished feeding, larvae leave a carcass to pupate in the surrounding soil, and can be difficult to find. We investigated if flat and undulating terrain affect how far Lucilia illustris larvae disperse after feeding. We hypothesized that post-feeding larvae disperse over undulating and flat terrain about the same travel distance. However, because larvae must crawl up and downhill in undulating terrain they end up pupating in soil closer to the originating carcass than larvae that crawled over flat terrain. We tested this in a field study using pig half-heads placed on sand which had two surface treatments, flat sand and sand with 2.5 cm undulations. We allowed blow flies to lay eggs on the half-heads, took soil core samples at various distances, then allowed adults to emerge in the lab. In undulating terrain, while more adults emerged from soil cores closer to carcasses than from soil core from flat terrain. However, net travel path lengths were similar for both treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".