Effect of thermal cycles on sand-concrete interface under constant shear stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Energy geostructures provide a profitable solution for structural support as well as the heating and cooling of buildings. However, their activation can produce in structure and its surrounding soil thermally-induced stresses and strains with a crucial role played by the soil-structure interface which is the thin layer that transmits the thermal and mechanical loads. In the present work, the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the soil–structure interface is investigated using a temperature-controlled direct shear box. Tests were conducted on loose and dense sands in contact with a concrete plate representing the structure's surface. After applying the normal stress (25, 50, or 100 kPa), a shear stress was increased up to 45% of the shear strength. This stress state was then maintained while 20 cycles of temperature varying between 13 °C and 34 °C at the soil-concrete interface were applied. The obtained experimental results reveal that temperature cycles lead to irreversible cumulative displacements in both normal and shear directions. These displacements were found to be more significant in loose sand compared to dense sand. Additionally, under higher stress levels, greater displacements were observed for both soil densities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".