Spraying Li6PS5Cl and silver-carbon multilayers to facilitate large-scale fabrication of all-solid-state batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, solid-state battery (SSB) performance has steadily improved with the use of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs). However, most research has focused on small (diameter < 10 mm), thick (separator > 500 μm) pellet-type cells that use non-scalable manufacturing routes and yield a low cell energy density. Technical applications require thinner and larger sheet-type cells made by scalable techniques. We examine the applicability of a scalable layer-by-layer spray printing approach for manufacturing sheet-type SSB components. Sprayed sulfide SE separators with thickness as thin as 10 μm and high ionic conductivity of 1 mS cm −1 are fabricated, along with a sprayed composite cathode that delivered a capacity retention of 63% after 800 cycles. Finally, the flexibility of spray printing for process integration is demonstrated by the fabrication of an anode-free cell consisting of a sprayed Ag-C layer and a sprayed SE layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".