Education and choice in the United Kingdom: measuring school choice policies in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland (1980–2020)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article introduces and discusses the findings of the United Kingdom School Choice Policy Index (UKSCPI) which provides an overview of the development of school choice policies across seven indicators over the 1980–2020 period, comparing how each of these policy areas have developed across the UK. The findings reveal that school choice has increased most in England with smaller increases in choice in the other countries. The establishment and expansion of Academies accounts for much of the rising levels of choice in England relative to the other three countries since 2010. Following a discussion of the findings of the index, the paper briefly outlines the historical context around the establishment of Academies and considers how their introduction and subsequent expansion has potentially provided wealthier families with more options with regard to their children’s schooling as compared to economically disadvantaged families.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it