Was Kandiaronk in France? Kandiaronk, Adario, and “Indigenous Critique”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reviews the evidence for the question of whether or not the Wendat leader Kandiaronk (c. 1649–1701) ever visited France, as claimed in the Dialogues Curieux by the Baron de Lahontan (1703) and recently argued by David Graeber and David Wengrow in The Dawn of Everything (2021). The fact that this voyage almost certainly did not take place confirms that Lahontan’s text is in significant ways a fiction. At the same time, the rhetorical function of the claim that it did take place shows that the text is also engaged in proto-ethnographic reportage. Lahontan’s Dialogues do offer a view of some form of “indigenous critique”; but the latter is only accessible through the literary codes of late-seventeenth-century France.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".