Characterization Study of the Earth Bricks Used in the Old Constructions of the Boussaâda Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a study on earth bricks (adobe) used in ancient earth constructions in the region of Boussaâ da, located in the southeast of northern Algeria.The objective is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties, including compressive and shear strength, as well as the thermal characteristics of these bricks, with the aim of promoting their use on a large scale.The results of the physical and identification analyses showed that the bricks studied are silty sands.The compression tests gave an average compressive strength of 0.2 MPa.The shear tests gave an average cohesion of 172.22 kPa and an average internal friction angle of 63.92°.The average thermal conductivity is 0.7291 W/m.K.The results obtained show that Boussaâ da earth bricks have satisfactory physical and mechanical characteristics.The compressive strength is low, but it is sufficient for the construction of one or two storey buildings.Cohesion and internal friction angle are satisfactory for the stability of brick walls.The thermal conductivity is low, which makes Boussaâ da earth bricks good thermal insulators.The results obtained reveal that the composition of these adobes can be used to make quality bricks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".