IDEOLOGUES OF NATIONALISM AND CONSOLIDATION OF NATIONAL GROUPS IN CANADA ON THE CASE OF FRANCO-CANADIANS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the views, and main concepts of ideologists of Franco-Canadian nationalism from its origins to the beginning of the 20th century. Research methods are based on the principle of historicism, taking into account the peculiarities of the XVIII – early XX century epoch. The method of comparative analysis is used to juxtapose the situation of national groups in Canada and the policies of the British administration. The chronological method allows for exploring different historical epochs in their sequence. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that its author, one of the first in Ukrainian historiography, conducted a systematic analysis of Franco-Canadian socio-political currents and attempts by their leaders to implement their views in practical politics. The author concludes that the emergence and evolution of the Franco-Canadian national movement, expressed in the nationalist views of ideologists, were a response to consistent attempts at assimilation of the Franco-Canadian community by the British colonial administration. The first ideologist and systematic ideological leader of the Franco-Canadians was L.-J. Papineau. He articulated the necessity of preserving the distinctiveness of the Franco-Canadian community and proposed means to fight for it. L.-J. Papineau and his subsequent followers were characterized by attempts to achieve these goals through legal and reformist means. L.-H. LaFontaine and A. Mercier focused specifically on expanding the rights of French-speaking Quebec and protecting the rights of its residents from encroachments by the British administration. A representative of the next generation of this liberal trend, H. Bourassa, proposed not only to focus on Quebec’s affairs but also to extend the fight for the rights of Franco-Canadians to the entire Dominion of Canada, so that Franco-Canadians and Anglo-Canadians would not fight each other but would jointly defend the rights of the Dominion against London. The founders of the radical trend of the Franco-Canadian nationalist movement can be considered J. Nicholson and representatives of the subsequent generation of radicals such as J.-P. Tardivel and L. Grou. They argued for the necessity of fighting for an independent Laurentian state and proposed not to cooperate with the British administration but to defend the preservation of the Franco-Canadian community’s distinctiveness through the conservation of their language, religion, and culture against new changes, liberal, and reformist transformations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.053 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".