Bibliographic record
Abstract
From its dry northwestern reaches to its southern tropical rainforests, the Oriental Region and its natural riches have long fascinated the world.The land of orangutans, rhinoceroses, tarsiers, peacocks, birdwing butterflies, and other wonderous creatures has drawn naturalists, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, in search of its wild treasurers.But, the smaller, more secretive denizens of the region have been slow to show themselves to the world.Among them are the black flies.Comprising a family of more than 2,400 miniature species globally, black flies develop in nearly every stretch of flowing water in the Oriental Region.The first black fly known from the Oriental Region was described by Eduard Becher (1856-1886), an Austrian entomologist who died at the young age of 30.Although Becher might be said to have initiated the study of Oriental black flies with his 1885 description of the female of Simulium indicum from Assam, India, he is best remembered as the author of the familiar dipteran taxa Cyclorrhapha, Aschiza, and Schizophora.From Becher's inaugural description of the black fly, published without fanfare in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the number of species of black flies known from the Oriental Region slowly increased to slightly more than 100 by1980-roughly at the rate of one new species per year.From the 1990s to the present, the number of new species discovered and formally described from the Oriental Region surged at a rate of about 15 species per year.One of the last great zoogeographic regions to be explored for its simuliids, the Oriental Region today has about 700 nominal species-more than any other region.In 2008, 17% of the world's black flies were known from the Oriental Region.Today, that figure is nearly 29%, and there is good reason to expect that the number of species will continue to increase.Comprised of 21 countries in whole or in part, the Oriental Region still holds vast areas of unexplored habitat for black flies.Thailand, for instance, has 150 nominal species and Vietnam has 76, but only 23 species are shared.Thus, when areas such as Cambodia, currently with no recorded species, and Laos, with only two recorded species, are surveyed, the number of species known in the Oriental Region should increase substantially.And as cryptic species continue to be revealed by integrated taxonomic methods, v the actual number of known species in Oriental Region will more nearly approach reality.vi
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".