Anatomy of a <i>z</i> = 6 Lyman-<i>α</i> emitter down to parsec scales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a detailed JWST/NIRSpec and NIRCam analysis of a gravitationally lensed galaxy ( μ = 17 − 21) at a redshift of 6.14 magnified by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS J0416. The target galaxy is a typical compact and UV-faint ( M UV = −17.8) Lyman- α emitter, yet the large magnification allows the detailed characterization of structures on sub-galactic scales (down to a few parsecs). Prominent optical H α , H β , and [O III ] λλ 4959, 5007 lines are spatially resolved with the high-spectral-resolution grating (G395H, R 2700), with large equivalent widths, EW(H β +O III ) ≳ 1000 Å, and elevated ionizing photon production efficiencies, log( ξ ion /erg −1 Hz) = 25.2–25.7. NIRCam deep imaging reveals the presence of compact rest-UV-bright regions along with individual star clusters of R eff = 3 − 8 pc in size and M ∼ 2 ⋅ 10 5 − 5 ⋅ 10 6 M ⊙ in mass. These clusters are characterized by steep UV slopes, β UV ≲ −2.5, which in some cases are associated with a dearth of line emission, indicating possible leaking of the ionizing radiation, as also supported by a Lyman- α emission peaking at ∼100 km s −1 from the systemic redshift. While the entire system is characterized by low metallicity, ∼0.1 Z ⊙ , the NIRSpec-IFU map also reveals the presence of a low-luminosity, metal-poor region with Z ≲ 2% Z ⊙ , which is barely detected in NIRCam imaging; this region is displaced by > 200 pc from one of the brightest structures of the system in UV, and would have been too faint to detect if not for the large magnification of the system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".