The Significance of Uneven Walking Transitory Modulations in Walking Momentum Regulation and Active Work
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Uneven walking presents challenges such as balance maintenance and increased energetics. Beyond average step parameter variations, humans may employ transient strategies to conserve mechanical work or enhance momentum with minimal metabolic costs. Thus, we quantified mid-flight positive mechanical work induction, step length, and effective leg length modulation from four steps before to four steps after a specific encounter for young and older adults with normal and restricted lookaheads. Simulations were also conducted to assess the impact of step length or effective leg length changes on step-to-step transition or post-transition speed. We observed that young adults’ mid-flight energy inducements were focused around the encounter, influenced by lookahead state affecting modulation based on feedback or feedforward control. While with the restricted lookahead, older adults showed similar regulation, their anticipatory modulation was poorer and extended over the evaluation interval. With normal lookahead, young adults reduced step length just before the encounter, potentially increasing momentum with less heel-strike energy dissipation. Step length changes around and after the perturbation may have been passive. Older adults exhibited longer modulation periods than young adults. We also noted active leg length modulation, likely influenced by tactile sensory information. For up-steps, effective leg lengths were shorter, while for down-steps, they were longer, potentially compensatory actions to minimize COM vertical fluctuations and associated work against gravity. The amplitude of leg length modulation may have been constrained by the flexed legs walking energetic cost or and ankle range of motion. With restricted lookahead, older adults showed larger leg length modulation amplitudes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".