Maize insensitivity to culture filtrates from <i>Exserohilum turcicum</i> is related to quantitative resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) of maize is caused by Exserohilum turcicum . The TLB resistance is mainly associated with qualitative race‐specific resistance that is linked to several Ht genes namely Ht1 , Ht2 , Ht3 , HtM , HtN , HtNB and HtP . However, quantitative TLB resistance also occurs, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, tolerance or insensitivity to chlorosis and necrosis of E . turcicum culture filtrate was associated with quantitative TLB resistance. A novel detached maize seedling assay was developed for E . turcicum culture filtrate using methanol‐treated modified Fries medium. Screening of E . turcicum isolates of races 2, 3, 23, 3 N, 23 N and 123 N against 61 maize inbred lines with diverse levels of resistance to TLB was conducted in the greenhouse by fungal inoculation and the detached seedling culture filtrate assay. Using an isolate of race 123 N, which can overcome all the qualitative resistance genes, a simple linear regression model ( R 2 = 0.68, p = .90) for the 61 inbred lines was established between disease severity from foliar inoculations and culture filtrate symptom rating of the detached seedling assay. Two maize lines CML474 and CML483 had relatively high culture filtrate symptom ratings but very low disease severity with foliar inoculation indicating that these sources of quantitative TLB resistance may be unrelated to tolerance to E . turcicum culture filtrates, whose effect on seedlings could be due to the toxin known as HT‐toxin or monocerin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".