Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the trophic dynamics of Babine Lake: Implications for the production of sockeye salmon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Babine Lake, British Columbia, is Canada’s largest sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) nursery lake, sustaining numerous ecosystem services (e.g., fisheries, recreation, cultural and spiritual benefits). The lake and its watershed have experienced significant anthropogenic and natural disturbances since the early 1900’s, including extensive logging, pine beetle infestations, mining, fisheries enhancements, and climate change. To help understand the cumulative impacts of local and regional factors on the trophic ecology of this large freshwater ecosystem, we used the paleolimnological approach to reconstruct changes over the past ∼ 200 years of primary production (subfossil pigments, diatom microfossils), secondary production (cladoceran zooplankton microfossils) and geochemistry (carbon and nitrogen isotopes, elemental analyses, % organic matter). Between ca. 1950 and the 2000’s changes in the sedimentary proxies are consistent with an enhanced influx of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon likely due to the cumulative landscape disturbances and an increase in precipitation. These changes include shifts in diatom composition ca. 1950 to higher abundances and taxa indicative of decreased light penetration and nutrient enrichment. Increases in δ15N (∼ +1‰) and cladoceran concentrations, concurrent with increasing sockeye salmon escapement post ca. 1975, is indicative of a higher pelagic fish production that occurs concurrently with both fisheries enhancements and sustained higher precipitation. The largest and most abrupt change in algal pigments occurred post ca. 2000, characterized by increases in motile and buoyant algae (i.e., chrysophytes, cryptophytes, colonial cyanobacteria), a time of increasing regional air temperatures, reduced spring and autumn winds, and resultant changes in patterns of lake mixing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".