A Frequency-Tunable Parity-Time Symmetric Optoelectronic Oscillator With Two Coupled Loops Having a Rational Loop Length Ratio
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A frequency-tunable Parity-Time (PT) symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with two coupled optoelectronic loops having a rational loop length ratio is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Compared with a PT-symmetric OEO with two coupled loops having an identical loop length, the proposed OEO has two loops with different loop lengths, making it have better mode selection capability thanks to the Vernier effect, leading to stable single-mode oscillation with increased sidemode suppression ratio (SMSR). The proposed OEO is studied theoretically and evaluated experimentally. The experimental results show that stable frequency-tunable oscillation from 2 to 12 GHz with an SMSR of 40.7 dB is achieved. The phase noise is measured to be -114 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz. Compared with a dual-loop OEO utilizing solely the Vernier effect that exhibits an SMSR of 36.8 dB, the SMSR of the proposed OEO is increased by 3.9 dB. The stability of the proposed OEO is also improved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".