Highly Isolated Wireless Power Transfer and Information Co-Delivery Using a Pacemaker Duplex Antenna
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article details developing and verifying a radio frequency (RF) system capable of simultaneously delivering wireless power and information using a leadless pacemaker duplex antenna. The setup comprises a wireless power transfer (WPT) transmitter (Tx), a rectifier, and a duplex antenna. The proposed implantable duplex antenna operates at 915 (when Port-1 is active) and 1300 MHz (when Port-2 is active), enabling simultaneous information delivery at 915 MHz and WPT at 1300 MHz. The implantable antenna operates in the human heart, occupies a small volume of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi \times 4.48{^{{2}}} \times 0.13=8.19$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3, and maintains a high isolation level of 34.6 dB. To ensure a high level of isolation between the two radiators of the duplex antenna, a series of vias between the radiators and rectangular slots on the ground plane are used. To maintain a compact volume (8.19 mm3), shorting pins and capacitive arc slots along with a high dielectric substrate are incorporated. In addition, an efficient implantable rectifier is simulated, measured, and integrated with Port-2 of the duplex antenna at 1300 MHz. The designed rectifier has an RF-to-direct current (dc) efficiency of 78.3% at 2-dBm input power. Moreover, a slotted-patch antenna is created to serve as the pacemaker’s WPT Tx, maintaining a power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 2.2%. Using two-layered matching materials, the overall PTE of the complete system is found to be 1.72% at 2-dBm input power. Measurements involve embedding the leadless pacemaker device inside minced pork meat, with the measured results closely matching the simulated results. This RF system’s design provides a compact size, high-gain implantable antenna, high-efficiency rectifier design, simultaneous wireless powering and information delivery, and high overall PTE, making it suitable for leadless pacemakers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it