Synergistic modulation of valence state and oxygen vacancy induced by surface reconstruction of the CeO<sub>2</sub>/CuO catalyst toward enhanced electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) offers a promising strategy for CO 2 conversion into value‐added C 2+ products and facilitates the storage of renewable resources under comparatively mild conditions, but still remains a challenge. Herein, we propose the strategy of surface reconstruction and interface integration engineering to construct tuneable Cu 0 –Cu + –Cu 2+ sites and oxygen vacancy oxide derived from CeO 2 /CuO nanosheets (OD‐CeO 2 /CuO NSs) heterojunction catalysts and promote the activity and selectivity of CO 2 RR. The optimized OD‐CeO 2 /CuO electrocatalyst shows the maximum Faradic efficiencies for C 2+ products in the H‐type cell, which reaches 69.8% at −1.25 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Advanced characterization analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm the fact that the existence of oxygen vacancies and Cu 0 –Cu + –Cu 2+ sites modified with CeO 2 is conducive to CO 2 adsorption and activation, enhances the hydrogenation of *CO to *CHO, and further promotes the dimerization of *CHO, thus promoting the selectivity of C 2+ generation. This facile interface integration and surface reconstruction strategy provides an ideal strategy to guide the design of CO 2 RR electrocatalysts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it