Role of genetic variations and protein expression of β-Microsemino protein in intrauterine insemination outcome of unexplained infertile men: A case-control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is often the first-line treatment for unexplained infertility. β-Microsemino protein (MSMB) is an abundant protein in seminal plasma that has an inhibitory effect on spontaneous acrosome reaction. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate MSMB gene variations and protein expression on IUI success rate in unexplained infertile men. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 100 unexplained infertile Iranian men referred to the Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran for IUI (50 men with IUI positive result [IUI+], and 50 men with IUI negative result [IUI-]). Couples with female infertility factors (such as hormonal disorders, infrequent menstrual period, abnormality in uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) and men with infections of the male accessory glands, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, clinical varicocele, retractile testis, genital trauma, drug use, or concurrent hormonal treatment Y chromosome microdeletions, and abnormal karyotype were excluded from the study. The polymerase chain reaction sequencing was performed for the promoter and the coding regions of MSMB functional domains. To study the protein expression, the total protein of sperm was extracted, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed. Results: 4 variations were detected (rs12770171, rs10993994, rs2075894, and rs4517463). None of them showed significant differences between the IUI+ and IUI-groups. The mean value of protein expression did not show any differences between the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is no association between genetic variations of promoter and coding regions of MSMB functional domains as well as its expression with IUI success in unexplained infertile men. Key words: MSMB, Beta microseminoprotein, Infertility, Male infertility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".