Characterization of sexual size dimorphism in mandarin fish and association with igfbp-5a/b regulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an important cultured fish in East Asia that shows sexual size dimorphism (SSD), with females growing faster than males when reaching marketable size. However, the regulatory mechanism of SSD is not clear. To characterize SSD of mandarin fish and its association with gh/igf1/igfbp-5expression in female and male, gonadal developmental time-spectra of the females and the males from 1.5 to 4.0 mph were described, and growth parameters, serum levels of E2 and T, as well as the relative expression levels of gh, igf1, and igfbp-5a/b mRNAs were determined. The results showed that the fitting the logistic growth equation of body mass and total length of female and male were W(♀)=667.57/(1+e^(4.19-1.24*t)), W(♂)=582.71/(1+e^(4.07-1.27*t)), L(♀)=31.47/(1+e^1.95-1.08*t)), L(♂)=26.20/(1+e^(2.56-1.5*t)). The month of inflection points for body mass for females and males were 3.37 mph and 3.20 mph, respectively, when the body mass were 333.79 g and 291.36 g. The month of inflection points for total length growth were 1.80 mph and 1.70 mph, respectively, when the total length were 18.52 cm and 16.28 cm. At 1.5-2.0 mph, SSD was not clearly demonstrated. At 3.0 mph, the body mass of the females was significantly higher than that of the males (P < 0.05), E2 content of the females was significantly higher than that of the males (P< 0.05), T content of the males was significantly higher than that of the females (P < 0.05), and the expression level of brain gh and liver igf1 in the females was significantly higher than that of the males (P < 0.05). At 4.0 months of age, the body mass of the females was highly significantly higher than that of the males (P < 0.01), E2 content of the females was highly significantly higher than that of the males (P < 0.05), T content of the males was significantly higher than that of the females (P< 0.05), and the level of liver igf1 expression in the females was significantly higher than that of the males (P < 0.05). With the continuous development of gonads, muscle and liver igfbp-5a and -5b expression generally tends to increase in females and males, while igfbp-5a showed a gradual increasing trend, igfbp-5bexpression showed an "S"-type trend. There was no significant difference in muscle and liver igfbp-5a/b expression between males and females at the age of 1.5-2.0 months (P > 0.05), however, male igfbp-5a/bexpression was significantly higher than female at the age of 3.0-4.0 months (P < 0.05). This work verified that the females had faster growth rate since 3.0 mph compared to the males, which may be related to higher E2 levels in females leading to higher igf1 level, through inhibition of igfbp-5a/b expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".