Production and Characterization of Biopolymer from Food Waste Using <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study tested polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by using Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in a 5 L lab-scale bioreactor, employing an A cell dry mass concentration of 8.69 ± 0.45 g/L was achieved with a volatile fatty acid (VFA) removal efficiency of 81.75 ± 3.08%. Remarkably, this study achieved the highest PHA mass fraction of (34.81 ± 1.67%). Analysis revealed that poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) contributes 83.6 to 86.1% of total PHA followed by poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHH x ) (6.6–8.6%) and poly(3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate) (PH2MV) (4.9–8.3%). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PHA polymer started degrading at a temperature of 150 °C with maximum polymer weight loss occurring at approximately 270 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed two peaks corresponding to the melting temperature of the polymer: 140.6, and 154.87 °C. This suggests that the resulting PHA polymer was a blend of different copolymers. This outcome is poised to advance the development of unified PHA production methods within a circular bioeconomy, enhancing both economic and environmental advantages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".