A Kinetic Model for Catalytic N-Butane Oxidative Dehydrogenation under Oxygen-Free Reaction Conditions in a Fluidized CREC Riser Simulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study considers the development of a kinetic model for the n-butane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) to C4-olefins using a VOx/MgO−γAl2O3 catalyst. The prepared catalyst contained 5 wt% V on an MgO modified γAl2O3 support. The developed catalyst exhibited both weak and medium acid sites, as revealed by NH3-temperature-programmed desorption. TPR/TPO analyses also indicated that 73% of the loaded VOx was reducible. Kinetic experiments were conducted in a fluidized CREC Riser Simulator at temperatures ranging from 475–550 °C and residence times of 5–20 s. An optimal C4-olefin selectivity of 86% was achieved at 500 °C and 10 s, with this selectivity then decreasing at higher temperatures and longer residence times. The kinetic model developed involved a Langmuir–Hinshelwood-type of kinetics that incorporated cracking, oxydehydrogenation, and complete oxidation reactions. Model parameters were determined by fitting experimental data with kinetic parameters established with narrow 95% confidence intervals and low cross-correlation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".