The effect of land use changes on the morphology of a small rural stream in southwestern Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parkhill Creek is a small rural stream that drains into Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Colonization of Parkhill Creek watershed has resulted in 85% of the area cleared for mostly agricultural purposes; this clearing involved the movement and straightening of Parkhill Creek and its tributaries, along with the installation of Parkhill dam (1967). To quantify the impact that agricultural land clearing and associated channel modification has had on stream morphology, changes to land use and planform geometry of the creek were discerned from georeferenced maps and aerial photographs dating from 1954 to 2015. During that period, 394 ha of natural land was cleared adjacent to streams and field sizes increased from 5.5 ha to 13.7 ha. Parkhill Creek was found to be, on average, 23% straighter in 2015 than in 1954. The results of this study demonstrate the sensitivity of small creeks to environmental changes caused by human factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".