Presence of paratuberculosis in dairy cows culled in Tizayuca (Hidalgo, Mexico)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Background: paratuberculosis (PTB) is clinically characterized by diarrhea and progressive weight loss in ruminants, and causes economic losses due to decreased milk production, premature animal disposal, and increased veterinary treatment costs. The presence of PTB has been increasing in milk producing bovine farms in Mexico, yet epidemiology data from specific farms remains scarce. Objective: to determine the proportion of cows positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) among culled cows. Methods: in the present study, 40 culled cows from 25 farms located at the complejo agropecuario industrial de Tizayuca (CAITSA) in Hidalgo (Mexico) were evaluated for PTB presence by histopathological and microbiological studies. Tissue and rectal scraping samples were taken from all cows, and studied for presence of histopathology PTB-compatible lesions. Samples were processed for Map isolation on selective agar culture media; typical Map colonies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: potential PTB infection was found in 25% (10/40) of the animals evaluated by histopathology and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, but only 7.5% (3/40) were positive for type 2 Map (C cattle strain) by PCR. Conclusions: the prevalence of PTB in cattle farms at CAITSA was confirmed, which may be valuable epidemiological information in Mexico. Keywords: cull cattle, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, paratuberculosis diagnosis, ruminant farms. Resumen Antecedentes: la paratuberculosis (PTB) se caracteriza clínicamente por diarrea y pérdida de peso progresiva en rumiantes y causa pérdidas económicas por la disminución de la producción de leche, eliminación prematura de animales y el aumento de los costos de tratamiento veterinario. La PTB se ha incrementado en las granjas productoras de leche de bovinos en México, pero se carece de información epidemiológica específica de granjas locales. Objetivo: determinar el porcentaje de infección por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) entre las vacas de descarte. Métodos: en este estudio fueron evaluadas 40 vacas de descarte o de 25 granjas del complejo agropecuario industrial de Tizayuca (CAITSA), en el estado de Hidalgo (México), donde se evaluó la presencia de la PTB mediante estudios histopatológicos y microbiológicos. Se tomaron muestras de tejido y raspado rectal de todos los animales buscando lesiones compatibles con PTB. Las muestras fueron procesadas para el aislamiento de Map en medios de cultivo de agar selectivo, y las colonias identificadas como típicas fueron confirmadas por la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Resultados: en este estudio se observó positividad para PTB por histopatología y presencia de bacilos ácido alcohol resistentes (AFB) en el 25% de los animales (10/40), pero solo en el 7,5% (3/40) de las vacas de descarte se confirmó la cepa tipo 2 (cepa C) de Map mediante PCR. Conclusiones: se confirma la prevalencia de PTB en las vacas del CAITSA, lo cual podría tener valor como información epidemiológica en México. Palabras clave: bovinos de descarte, diagnóstico de paratuberculosis, granjas de rumiantes, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Resumo Antecedentes: a paratuberculose (PTB) em vacas leiteiras caracteriza-se clinicamente pela presença de diarreia e perda de peso progressiva as quais provocam perdas económicas pela redução da produção de leite, abate prematuro dos animais e aumento dos custos de tratamento veterinário. A PTB aumentou-se em fazendas leiteiras no México, mas ainda não há informações epidemiológicas especificas das fazendas locais. Objetivo: determinar a percentagem de infecção por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) em vacas de descarte. Métodos: se avaliaram por estudos histopatológicos e microbiológicos 40 vacas de descarte de 25 fazendas do complexo agropecuário industrial de Tizayuca (CAITSA), no estado de Hidalgo (México). Tomaram-se amostras de tecido e raspado anal de todos os animais procurando por lesões compatíveis com PTB. As amostras foram processadas para isolamento de Map em meios de ágar seletivos e as colônias classificadas como típicas foram confirmadas pelo teste da reação em cadeia da enzima polimerase (PCR). Resultados: observou-se positividade para PTB pelos estudos histopatológicos e microbiológicos e a presença de bacilos ácido álcool resistente (AFB) no 25% dos animais (10/40), mas só no 7,5% (3/40) confirmaram-se a cepa tipo II (cepa C) de Map por PCR. Conclusões: confirma-se a presença de PTB em vacas do complexo CAITSA, o qual poderia ter valor epidemiológico no México. Palavras chave: bovinos de descarte, diagnóstico de paratuberculose, granjas de ruminantes, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".