The Role of Local Government in Coal Transition: The Case of Rural Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the 1980s, Canadian municipalities have experienced pressures due to legislative/policy reforms and the downloading of responsibilities from senior governments. This shift has affected daily operations as municipalities struggle with outdated financial and jurisdictional structures. Such pressures have been exacerbated in Alberta by provincial and federal ‘coal phase-out’ policies, as the coal industry has historically been a primary source of revenue for some communities. In response, municipalities have engaged in processes to generate revenue, maintain service levels, and diversify their economies. This research, in Parkland County and Forestburg, Alberta, explores impacts and responses associated with top-down policy change. Results indicate that senior government supports were inadequate in the delivery of effective transition supports, which created challenges for local governments grappling with transition impacts. Municipalities have developed innovative and entrepreneurial solutions in transition, but the research outlines lessons and policy recommendations to better integrate municipalities into future transition policy and programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".