Evolution of <i>sex hormone-binding globulin</i> gene expression in the primate testis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In lower mammals testicular sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), also known as androgen binding protein, is well known to be a product of the Sertoli cells. However in humans, testicular SHBG is a product of the germ cells, is expressed from an upstream promoter and contains an alternative first exon 1A. Examination of testicular SHBG transcripts from members across primate suborders revealed that transcripts containing exon 1A are unique to Hominoids and Old World Monkeys. In contrast testicular SHBG transcripts in gray mouse lemur contained the proximal exon 1, while no evidence for SHBG expression could be detected in marmoset monkey testes. In general, the exonic identity of primate testicular SHBG transcripts could be predicted based on the structure of their gene’s 5’ regulatory region and we show that they change through the primate clade. This work provides insights into how molecular evolution of higher primate SHBG genes has resulted in distinct changes in how it is expressed in their testes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".