Approach to sexually transmitted infection testing for men who have sex with men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide a guide on appropriate sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing for primary care providers to use with patients who identify as men who have sex with men (MSM). SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Canadian guidelines for STI testing and enteric and protozoan infections; Ontario guidelines for HIV screening and mpox; and US guidelines for STI testing. MAIN MESSAGE: Across Canada rates of sexually transmitted bacterial, enteric, protozoan, and systemic infections-including HIV and mpox-have been steadily increasing among cisgender and transgender MSM. Despite often having similar clinical presentations, these infections have different incubation periods and testing approaches and must be ruled out effectively to guide diagnosis and treatment for MSM-identifying patients who present with symptoms of various conditions. Clinical information and screening recommendations, however, are often found in multiple guidelines rather than in a single source, thus further complicating these clinical encounters. This document provides a consolidated set of evidence and recommendations for STI testing in MSM. CONCLUSION: Testing approaches for STIs should be comprehensive and based on the patient's reported risk factors and clinical presentation. Where ongoing STI risk is identified and negative laboratory test results are received, MSM should also be counselled on recommendations for repeat screening and HIV prevention services, such as preexposure prophylaxis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".