Customs Revenue in the Renewable Energy Sector: Evidence from South Africa
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This report assesses the effects of customs revenues in the renewable energy industry in South Africa. After ESKOM (State-owned enterprise) presented the firm’s biggest loss of R9.7 ($0.6) billion in August 2009, several applications for higher tariffs were performed over the years. South Africa has been going through an energy crisis, with more loadshedding expected in 2024, which is predicted to hamper GDP development. Indeed, the country’s economy has been adversely disturbed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and its improvement path is at this instant stifled by incessant power cuts. There is no doubt that this energy crisis will continue for a while in the future, and it is unlikely to get better soon. This policy report provides a customs revenue analysis of the market participants or entities in the renewable energy industry. This study adopted a pragmatic research methodology and found that the government could propose to the National Treasury the scrapping of value-added tax (VAT) and Customs Duties on the importation of solar panels and parts in order to help reduce the cost of purchasing for both businesses and households.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it