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Record W4401521466 · doi:10.1080/20523211.2024.2385936

Survey of community pharmacists’ opinions on drug scheduling in Ontario and Québec

2024· article· en· W4401521466 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Nardine Nakhla, Sherilyn K. D. Houle, F. Richard, Jeff Taylor

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicDrug-Induced Adverse Reactions
Canadian institutionsUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversité de MontréalUniversity of Waterloo
FundersUniversity of WaterlooCanada-Israel Industrial Research and Development Foundation
KeywordsPharmacyOver-the-counterMedicineDrugMedical prescriptionHeartburnFamily medicineCommunity pharmacistCommunity pharmacyPharmacologyInternal medicineDisease

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: Over the past decade, Canada has witnessed a shift of several drugs from prescription-only to behind-the-counter (BTC) and over-the-counter (OTC) status. This work examined community pharmacists' agreement with the current scheduling of agents used in the management of allergic rhinitis, heartburn, and vulvovaginitis. Methods: From September to October 2022, an online survey was administered to pharmacists practicing in in Ontario and Québec. The survey aimed to gather insights into their preferred scheduling for 15 medicines commonly used to manage the three selected conditions. Pharmacists were asked whether they agreed with the current scheduling status of each and, if not, how they feel it should be scheduled. Results: 715 pharmacists completed the survey, 462 from Ontario and 253 from Québec. Most were staff pharmacists working 30 or more hours per week, having been a pharmacist for 1-10 years. Ontario pharmacists expressed a preference for scheduling change for five drugs (four prescription [terconazole for intravaginal use, famotidine, rupatadine, mometasone nasal spray] and one unscheduled [ranitidine 75 mg]), while Québec pharmacists expressed preference for scheduling change for three prescription drugs (terconazole for intravaginal use, famotidine, rupatadine). Discussion: As pharmacy practice continues to evolve, pharmacists' comfort with initiating previously prescription-only therapy independently or assisting patients with self-selection may similarly evolve. Of the five drugs identified as having a discrepancy between current status and pharmacist preference, four are prescription and may be candidates to consider for prescription to OTC switch. Conclusion: Pharmacists in Ontario and Québec have expressed preference for most products used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, heartburn, and vulvovaginitis to be categorised as Schedule II (BTC) or Schedule III (OTC) available only in pharmacies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.006
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesResearch integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.799
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.006
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.208
GPT teacher head0.486
Teacher spread0.278 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designOther design
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2024
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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