FROM PRESUMPTIONS OF FACT TO PRESUMPTIONS OF CAUSATION: REFLECTIONS ON THE PERILS OF JUDGE-MADE RULES IN QUEBEC MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Certains jugements québécois rendus dans des causes de responsabilité civile médicale contiennent des affirmations sur les circonstances où la causalité se présume. Bien que la Common law admette l’élaboration de principes par induction, l’établissement de la causalité par présomption de fait en droit civil dépend essentiellement d’un raisonnement déductif. L’auteur s’interroge sur l’opportunité d’admettre en droit civil québécois, certains principes qui semblent ressortir plutôt de la jurisprudence de Common law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.059 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.098 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.019 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".