Lateralized Subthalamic Stimulation for Axial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Exploratory Outcomes and Open‐Label Extension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A randomized trial suggested that reducing left-sided subthalamic stimulation amplitude could improve axial dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To explore open-label tolerability and associations between trial outcomes and asymmetry data. METHODS: We collected adverse events in trial participants treated with open-label lateralized settings for ≥3 months. We explored associations between trial outcomes, location of stimulation and motor asymmetry. RESULTS: 14/17 participants tolerated unilateral amplitude reduction (left-sided = 10, right-sided = 4). Two hundred eighty-four left-sided and 1113 right-sided stimulated voxels were associated with faster gait velocity, 81 left-sided and 22 right-sided stimulated voxels were associated with slower gait velocity. Amplitude reduction contralateral to shorter step length was associated with 2.4-point reduction in axial MDS-UPDRS. Reduction contralateral to longer step length was associated with 10-point increase in MDS-UPDRS. CONCLUSIONS: Left-sided amplitude reduction is potentially more tolerable than right-sided amplitude reduction. Right-sided more than left-sided stimulation could be associated with faster gait velocity. Shortened step length might reflect contralateral overstimulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".