Characteristics of Gasless Combustion of Core–Shell Al@NiO Microparticles with Boosted Exothermic Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The microstructures and thermochemical behavior of the energetic composites composed of core–shell structured μAl@NiO microparticles were characterized. These core–shell microparticles were synthesized using a wet-chemistry-based one-pot process, where the assembly was proposed to be driven by the electrostatic force between negatively charged Al and positively charged Ni–NH 3 ions. Electron microscopic images demonstrated the formation of NiO nanoparticles adhering to the surface of microsized Al particles with different equivalence ratios. Thermal analysis revealed two consecutive exothermic peaks resulting from the initial thermite reaction between 890 and 960 °C and subsequently the intermetallic/alloy formation reactions between 1000 and 1040 °C. The latter was further confirmed by the endothermic peaks of Al–Ni alloy melting at higher temperatures. The formation of alloy was substantiated by the melting of AlNi 3, AlNi, and Al 3 Ni. The onset temperature of the first exothermic peak decreased with increasing nominal equivalence ratio of the core–shell. Compared to the physically mixed (PM) composite, the core–shell structures decreased the activation energy of the thermite reaction by a mere 9.24 kJ/mol; however, it increased the combustibility by the manifold. The PM composite was not able to be ignited at all by a 5 W laser, while the core–shell counterpart ignited at 2.55 ms and was completely combusted within 6.50 ms accompanying a violent impulse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".