Mitochondria from the systemic heart of Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) are insensitive to one hour of anoxia followed by reoxygenation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) are an ancient agnathan vertebrate known to be anoxia tolerant. To study their metabolic organization and the role of the mitochondria in anoxia tolerance we developed a novel protocol to measure mitochondrial function in permeabilized cardiomyocytes and how this is affected by one hour of anoxia followed by reoxygenation. When measured at 10 °C the mitochondria had a respiration rate of 2.1 ± 0.1pmol/s/mg WW during OXPHOS with saturating concentrations of glutamate, malate, and succinate. This is comparatively low compared to other ectothermic species. The functional characteristics of the mitochondria were quantified with mitochondrial control ratios. These demonstrated that proton leak contributed to just under 50% of the oxygen flux, with the remainder going towards ATP phosphorylation. Finally, when the preparations were exposed to an anoxia-reoxygenation protocol there was no difference in respiration compared to that of a heart sample from the same animal maintained under normoxia for the same time. When Complex I alone or Complex I and II were stimulated following one hour of anoxia there was no decline in oxygen flux observed. However, if Complex II was activated alone there was a significant decline in respiration. This decrease was however also observed in the mitochondria maintained in normoxia for one hour. In conclusion, Pacific hagfish cardiac mitochondria demonstrated a low rate of oxygen consumption, a loosely coupled electron transfer system, and a resistance to one hour of anoxia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".