A Low-Energy Variable Air Gap-Based Reluctance-Actuated Motion System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a design and characterization of a motion stage driven by a low-energy reluctance actuator (RA). The low-energy concept reflects the ability of the RA to generate a high force with low current values due to the quadratic relation of the force with the input current. First, the critical voltage is determined for stable operation; then, the open-loop response is obtained under different applied voltages. The experimental results show that the motion stage exhibits nonlinear force characteristics. Second, a feedforward controller is proposed to linearize the dynamic behavior of the RA. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed feedforward controller to achieve linear input-output characteristics between the desired force and the measured force. Next, a state feedback controller based on a robust backstepping approach is designed to achieve the desired displacement, considering the force errors due to the bounded open-loop compensation, which can be reduced by tuning the controller gains. The experimental results show the ability to achieve a tracking to a step reference signal with an error less than 2% and to a sinusoidal reference signal with a tracking error less than 15% of motion range for a moving mass about of 1.6 kg.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".