Influence of Top Slag Containing TiO2 and VOx on Hot Metal Pre-Desulfurization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The desulfurization capacity of top slag in the process of pre-desulfurization of hot metal containing vanadium and titanium was researched. The top slag system of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2-VOx that was formed by blast furnace slag and a CaO desulfurization agent reduced the sulfur in hot metal from 0.08 wt.% to 0.02 wt.%. It was found that the resulfurization of the slag happened in the later periods of the desulfurization process. The vanadium–titanium oxides were both acidic in the desulfurization slag. TiO2 and VOx reacted with the basic oxides to form CaTiO3 and MgV2O4 at 1623 K, which reduced free CaO and was not conducive to top slag desulfurization. The results of calculation showed that the top slag desulfurization accounted for 15% of the total desulfurization. Using the ionic and molecule coexistence theory of slag structure, it is shown that the desulfurization efficiency could be enhanced by adjusting both the amount of desulfurization agent and the composition of the blast furnace slag before pre-desulfurization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".