Iron deficiency resolution and time to resolution in an American health system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Iron deficiency (ID) is a global health problem with consequences independent of anemia, including impaired cognition and exercise tolerance. The time from laboratory diagnosis to resolution of ID has not been defined. In a retrospective review of electronic medical record data from a Minnesota statewide health system, we identified patients with ID (ferritin level ≤25 ng/mL). Patients with at least 1 follow-up ferritin level within 3 years were included. Patients with a subsequent ferritin of ≥50 ng/mL were classified as having resolved ID. Descriptive statistics and time-to-event analyses were used to determine proportion of ID resolution and time to resolution, and to evaluate characteristics predictive of resolution. We identified 13 084 patients with ID between 2010 to 2020. We found that 5485 (41.9%) had resolution within 3 years of diagnosis, whereas 7599 (58.1%) had no documented resolution. The median time to resolution was 1.9 years (interquartile range, 0.8-3.9). Factors associated with greater likelihood of resolution included age of ≥60 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-1.69]), male sex (aHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.48-1.70]) and treatment with intravenous iron (aHR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.66-3.30). Black race was associated with a lower likelihood of resolution (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.80). We observed a high proportion of persistent ID and prolonged time to resolution overall, with greater risk of lack of resolution among females and Black individuals. Targeted knowledge translation interventions are required to facilitate prompt diagnosis and definitive treatment of this prevalent and correctable condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".