GLP-1-based therapies for the treatment of resistant hypertension in individuals with overweight or obesity: a review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the availability of a wide range of antihypertensive agents, a significant proportion of individuals with resistant hypertension (RHTN) struggle to achieve blood pressure (BP) control. Obesity ranks among the most significant modifiable risk factors for RHTN, with 56-91% of patients with RHTN classified as overweight or obese. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of anti-obesity medications that have recently demonstrated efficacy in reducing BP and improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in individuals with overweight or obesity. Among the available GLP-1-based therapies, liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have been approved for chronic weight management in this population. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist, has the greatest effect on weight loss and BP reduction compared to GLP-1 RAs alone. To our knowledge, no trials have directly evaluated the effect of GLP-1 RAs or dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists on RHTN management. In this review article, we propose that targeting weight loss through GLP-1-based therapies should be explored as a treatment option for individuals with RHTN who are overweight or obese.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".